Following publications involving the joint details shoulder, after treating major joints and ligaments involved in such a joint, today we expose the shoulder complex muscles.
Muscles originating from the scapula and the humerus insertion
Supraspinatus muscle or supraspinatus
As the name implies, the supraspinatus muscle is located above the spine of the scapula. It is hidden by the trapezius and the deltoid, trapezius covering his muscular portion, the deltoid its tendon. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Anatomical Action: abduction of the glenohumeral joint. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997), (WIRHED, 1986). The supraspinatus can contribute 12% of the torque at 120 ° abduction movement and above. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Teres major muscle
The teres major is located in the axillary edge of the distal scapula round
smaller. It is round like the smaller, but higher.
Anatomical actions: internal rotation, adduction and extension of the glenohumeral joint. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997). It acts in association with the latissimus dorsi muscle. (WIRHED 1986).
Muscle infra-spinal or infra-spinous
Although the infrastructure thorny and the teres minor are supplied by two different nerves, they are closely related, in location and action, and are sometimes inseparable. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997)
Anatomical actions: external rotation and adduction of gtenoumeral joint. (SMlTH & LEHMKUHL & Weiss, 1997), (WIRHED, 1986).
Subscapularis muscle
And subscapularis is located under the shoulder blade. along the costal box. but it is not restricted in costal box. The smooth coverage of connective tissue of the subscapularis has a sliding surface for the scapula move on the costal box. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997)
Anatomical action: internal rotation of the humerus. Depending on the position of the arm, the subscapularis can flex, extend, adduct and abduct the glenohumeral joint. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Muscle coracobrachialis
Proximal fixation: coracoid process of the scapula distal fixation: medial surface of the humerus, about half goes lowers the humeral shaft.
Anatomical actions: flexion and adduction of the glenohumeral joint. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997), (HAMILL 1999).
Muscles originating on the trunk and insert in the scapula
The muscles originating from the stem and insertion into the scapula has the important function of positioning the scapula so as to optimize the desired movement by giving the necessary mobility to the humerus. The shoulder blade can be raised and lowered, suffer adduction and abduction and finally medial and lateral rotation. (WIRHED. 1986).
Muscle levator scapulae
Its function is revealed by its name, it raises the scapula and occurs with increasing simultaneously one medial rotation of the scapula (WIRHED, 1986).
Rhomboid muscles (major and minor)
The rhomboids (the rhombos Greek, a figure diamond-shaped) that connect the shoulder blade with the spine, are under the trapeze. The upper portion is known as rhomboid minor; the lower portion (greater) as most rhomboid. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997) anatomical Actions: downward rotation, adduction and elevation of the shoulder blade (Smith & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
They retract and elevate the scapula and occurs with increasing simultaneously one medial rotation of the scapula (WIRHED, 1986).
Trapezius (upper portion)
THE trapeze is a superficial muscle of the neck and upper back and is accessible to observation and palpation along its entire length. By virtue of its form, it was called the muscle “shawl”. Early anatomists called it “cucullaris musculus” (as a monk’s hood). The current name refers to a geometric figure. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Anatomical actions: the upper trapezius effects elevation and upward rotation of the scapula and extension, lateral bending and rotation of the contralateral neck; the average trapeze performs upward rotation and adduction of the scapula. Upward rotation occurs with abduction of the scapula during arm elevation. As the pivot axis moves from the root of scapular spine to the process
of the acromion, the lower trapezoid force arm becomes greater for rotation upwards (BAGG and Forrest.1988 cited SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL 1997).
Pectoralis minor muscle
The pectoralis minor (pectus Latin, breast bone, chest) is located above the upper chest, entirely covered by the pectoralis major. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997)
Anatomical actions: depression and ventral slope of the shoulder blade and elevation of the ribs 2 to 5. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Marques (2000) deepens this above-mentioned placing saying that the pectoralis minor is an articular muscle, and thus has two functions: to the fixed origin (ribs) tilts the scapula above, causing the shoulder protraction and the fixed insert (scapula) assists in forced inspiration.
Muscles originating on the trunk and insert the humerus
The muscles originating on the trunk and insert the humerus are generally. large, prominent, superficial and are also the most important in relation to the strength and mobility. (WIRHED, 1986).
Pectoralis major muscle
Your name (pectus Latin. Breastbone, chest) indicates that the greater pectoral muscle is a major chest. He has an extensive origin, but does not cover such a large area as the latissimus dorsi. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997)
Anatomical actions: adduction and internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint. The clavicular head makes bending of the glenohumeral joint. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997), (WIRHED, 1986).
Deltoid muscle
The deltoid (Greek delta, the letter ll; acids, likeness) is a large superficial muscle that consists of three parts: anterior, middle and posterior. The muscle covering the glenohumeral joint on all sides except the armpit and comprises
40% by weight of scapulohumeral muscles (O’BRlEN et al., 1990 cited Weiss & LEHMKUHL & Smith, 1997).
Anatomical actions: abduction of the glenohumeral joint (medial portion). The anterior deltoid performs flexion and horizontal adduction of the glenohumeral joint and internal rotation of the shoulder. The rear deltoids performs horizontal extension and abduction of the glenohumeral joint and external rotation of the shoulder. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Latissimus dorsi muscle
The latissimus dorsi name is derived from Latin Latus. which means wide. This muscle is the widest and the back muscle of the lateral thoracic region. It is located on the surface, except a small portion that is covered by the lower trapezius. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Anatomical actions: internal rotation. extension and adduction of the glenohumeral joint, scapular depression, pelvic elevation. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Serratus anterior muscle
The serratus anterior (saw Latin,. saw) it is one of the most important muscles of the shoulder girdle. Without it, the arm can not be raised above the head. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
This muscle prevents the scapula is pressed back when we are in the armrest, is a very important muscle for the stability of the shoulders. (WIRHED, 1986).
Anatomical Action: abduction and upward rotation of the scapula {SMlTH & WElSS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Following publications involving the joint details shoulder, after treating major joints and ligaments involved in such a joint, today we expose the shoulder complex muscles.
Muscles originating from the scapula and the humerus insertion
Supraspinatus muscle or supraspinatus
As the name implies, the supraspinatus muscle is located above the spine of the scapula. It is hidden by the trapezius and the deltoid, trapezius covering his muscular portion, the deltoid its tendon. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Anatomical Action: abduction of the glenohumeral joint. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997), (WIRHED, 1986). The supraspinatus can contribute 12% of the torque at 120 ° abduction movement and above. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Teres major muscle
The teres major is located in the axillary edge of the distal scapula round
smaller. It is round like the smaller, but higher.
Anatomical actions: internal rotation, adduction and extension of the glenohumeral joint. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997). It acts in association with the latissimus dorsi muscle. (WIRHED 1986).
Muscle infra-spinal or infra-spinous
Although the infrastructure thorny and the teres minor are supplied by two different nerves, they are closely related, in location and action, and are sometimes inseparable. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997)
Anatomical actions: external rotation and adduction of gtenoumeral joint. (SMlTH & LEHMKUHL & Weiss, 1997), (WIRHED, 1986).
Subscapularis muscle
And subscapularis is located under the shoulder blade. along the costal box. but it is not restricted in costal box. The smooth coverage of connective tissue of the subscapularis has a sliding surface for the scapula move on the costal box. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997)
Anatomical action: internal rotation of the humerus. Depending on the position of the arm, the subscapularis can flex, extend, adduct and abduct the glenohumeral joint. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Muscle coracobrachialis
Proximal fixation: coracoid process of the scapula distal fixation: medial surface of the humerus, about half goes lowers the humeral shaft.
Anatomical actions: flexion and adduction of the glenohumeral joint. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997), (HAMILL 1999).
Muscles originating on the trunk and insert in the scapula
The muscles originating from the stem and insertion into the scapula has the important function of positioning the scapula so as to optimize the desired movement by giving the necessary mobility to the humerus. The shoulder blade can be raised and lowered, suffer adduction and abduction and finally medial and lateral rotation. (WIRHED. 1986).
Muscle levator scapulae
Its function is revealed by its name, it raises the scapula and occurs with increasing simultaneously one medial rotation of the scapula (WIRHED, 1986).
Rhomboid muscles (major and minor)
The rhomboids (the rhombos Greek, a figure diamond-shaped) that connect the shoulder blade with the spine, are under the trapeze. The upper portion is known as rhomboid minor; the lower portion (greater) as most rhomboid. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997) anatomical Actions: downward rotation, adduction and elevation of the shoulder blade (Smith & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
They retract and elevate the scapula and occurs with increasing simultaneously one medial rotation of the scapula (WIRHED, 1986).
Trapezius (upper portion)
THE trapeze is a superficial muscle of the neck and upper back and is accessible to observation and palpation along its entire length. By virtue of its form, it was called the muscle “shawl”. Early anatomists called it “cucullaris musculus” (as a monk’s hood). The current name refers to a geometric figure. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Anatomical actions: the upper trapezius effects elevation and upward rotation of the scapula and extension, lateral bending and rotation of the contralateral neck; the average trapeze performs upward rotation and adduction of the scapula. Upward rotation occurs with abduction of the scapula during arm elevation. As the pivot axis moves from the root of scapular spine to the process
of the acromion, the lower trapezoid force arm becomes greater for rotation upwards (BAGG and Forrest.1988 cited SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL 1997).
Pectoralis minor muscle
The pectoralis minor (pectus Latin, breast bone, chest) is located above the upper chest, entirely covered by the pectoralis major. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997)
Anatomical actions: depression and ventral slope of the shoulder blade and elevation of the ribs 2 to 5. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Marques (2000) deepens this above-mentioned placing saying that the pectoralis minor is an articular muscle, and thus has two functions: to the fixed origin (ribs) tilts the scapula above, causing the shoulder protraction and the fixed insert (scapula) assists in forced inspiration.
Muscles originating on the trunk and insert the humerus
The muscles originating on the trunk and insert the humerus are generally. large, prominent, superficial and are also the most important in relation to the strength and mobility. (WIRHED, 1986).
Pectoralis major muscle
Your name (pectus Latin. Breastbone, chest) indicates that the greater pectoral muscle is a major chest. He has an extensive origin, but does not cover such a large area as the latissimus dorsi. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997)
Anatomical actions: adduction and internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint. The clavicular head makes bending of the glenohumeral joint. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997), (WIRHED, 1986).
Deltoid muscle
The deltoid (Greek delta, the letter ll; acids, likeness) is a large superficial muscle that consists of three parts: anterior, middle and posterior. The muscle covering the glenohumeral joint on all sides except the armpit and comprises
40% by weight of scapulohumeral muscles (O’BRlEN et al., 1990 cited Weiss & LEHMKUHL & Smith, 1997).
Anatomical actions: abduction of the glenohumeral joint (medial portion). The anterior deltoid performs flexion and horizontal adduction of the glenohumeral joint and internal rotation of the shoulder. The rear deltoids performs horizontal extension and abduction of the glenohumeral joint and external rotation of the shoulder. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Latissimus dorsi muscle
The latissimus dorsi name is derived from Latin Latus. which means wide. This muscle is the widest and the back muscle of the lateral thoracic region. It is located on the surface, except a small portion that is covered by the lower trapezius. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Anatomical actions: internal rotation. extension and adduction of the glenohumeral joint, scapular depression, pelvic elevation. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
Serratus anterior muscle
The serratus anterior (saw Latin,. saw) it is one of the most important muscles of the shoulder girdle. Without it, the arm can not be raised above the head. (SMITH & WEISS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).
This muscle prevents the scapula is pressed back when we are in the armrest, is a very important muscle for the stability of the shoulders. (WIRHED, 1986).
Anatomical Action: abduction and upward rotation of the scapula {SMlTH & WElSS & LEHMKUHL, 1997).